Saeed Sadeghi and Richard S. Finn. Clinical Liver Disease, 2014, Special Issue: Autoimmune Liver Disease, Part 4, Volume 3, Issue 4, pages 86–89
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an increasingly common biliary malignancy and accounting for 3% of all gastrointestinal tumors. In the United States, the incidence is 1 to 2 cases per 100,000 population and is uncommon compared with other cancer types. While the incidence of intrahepatic CCAs has been rising in industrialized countries, the incidence of extrahepatic CCA is declining worldwide.1 CCA continues to have a high mortality, with a 5-year survival rate of 10%.[2] In the Western world, the most commonly associated risk factor for CCA is primary sclerosing cholangitis, with an annual risk of 0.5%-1.5% . . . Please click here to read the full text of this article